Read More About Instructional Routines
Instructional Routines are “designs for interaction that organize classroom instruction” (Lampert & Graziani, 2009). This distinguishes them from classroom procedures, which organize behavior, or routines for handing out supplies, which organize distribution of supporting materials.
Instructional Routines are both flexible (the math changes depending on your goals) and consistent (the format remains the same). The consistency of the format reduces the number of decisions teachers need to make about managing behavior, allowing them to focus entirely on the parts of the lesson that are most important for student learning. The intention is that the teaching within a routine responds more directly to what students do as they engage in problem solving.
Two routines we use are Contemplate then Calculate and Connecting Representations. These two routines were designed by Amy Lucenta and Grace Kelemanik. Each instructional routine contains a launch to clarify the learning objectives for the day and a meta-reflection at the end so that students can reflect on what they have learned for the day. In between the launch and the meta-reflection, students engage in problem solving—first independently, then with a partner, and finally as a whole group working to study various solution strategies.
Instructional routines are designed to support ALL students by giving students access to cognitively demanding mathematics and reducing other barriers to participation in these instructional routines. A list of instructional supports embedded within the routines, which can also be used outside of the instructional routines, is available here.
We believe that Instructional Routines provide a number of benefits for teachers and students. Specifically, they:
- Shift cognitive load in the classroom so that students and teachers can focus less on what they are supposed to do next and more on actively listening and understanding each other's’ reasoning;
- Provide instructional supports for English as a New Language Learners and students with disabilities without reducing access to the mathematics;
- Provide opportunities for students to productively persist while engaging in authentic mathematical problem solving;
- Allow students to develop fluency with mathematical language and to use this language to construct viable mathematical arguments;
- Support teachers in embedding formative assessment strategies into daily instruction seamlessly;
- Give groups of teachers working on the same routine more ability to talk concretely about their teaching practice.