Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles. Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles. Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles. Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems.^★

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems. Give an informal argument for the formulas for the circumference of a circle, area of a circle, volume of a cylinder, pyramid, and cone. (e.g. Use dissection arguments, Cavalieri’s principle, and informal limit arguments.)

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems. Use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve problems.^★