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Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles. Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles. Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles. Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems.^★

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems. Give an informal argument for the formulas for the circumference of a circle, area of a circle, volume of a cylinder, pyramid, and cone. (e.g. Use dissection arguments, Cavalieri’s principle, and informal limit arguments.)

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems. Use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve problems.^★

Prove theorems involving similarity. Use congruence and similarity criteria for triangles to solve problems and to prove relationships in geometric figures. Clarification: ASA, SAS, SSS, AAS, and Hypotenuse-Leg theorem are valid criteria for triangle congruence. AA, SAS, and SSS are valid criteria for triangle similarity.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles. Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems.^★

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations. Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations. Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).^★

Make geometric constructions. Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods (compass and straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). Copying a segment; copying an angle; bisecting a segment; bisecting an angle; constructing perpendicular lines, including the perpendicular bisector of a line segment; and constructing a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line. Clarification: Constructions include but are not limited to the listed constructions. Example: constructing the median of a triangle or constructing an isosceles triangle with given lengths.

Make geometric constructions. Construct an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle.

Understand and apply theorems about circles. Identify and describe relationships among inscribed angles, radii, and chords. Include the relationship between central, inscribed, and circumscribed angles; inscribed angles on a diameter are right angles; the radius of a circle is perpendicular to the tangent where the radius intersects the circle.
Clarification: Relationships include but are not limited to the listed relationships. Example: angles involving tangents and secants.

Understand and apply theorems about circles. Construct the inscribed and circumscribed circles of a triangle, and prove properties of angles for a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle.